Interoperability : the ability of cyber-physical systems (i.e. work piece carriers, assembly stations and products), humans and Smart Factories to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services
Virtualization : a virtual copy of the Smart Factory which is created by linking sensor data (from monitoring physical processes) with virtual plant models and simulation models
Decentralization : the ability of cyber-physical systems within Smart Factories to make decisions on their own Real-Time Capability: the capability to collect and analyze data and provide the insights immediately
Service Orientation : offering of services (of cyber-physical systems, humans and Smart Factories) via the Internet of Services Modularity: flexible adaptation of Smart Factories for changing requirements of individual modules